An attractive, inexpensive, and ecological alternative to buying new materials is to re-use onsite materials.

Concrete occupies a large portion of the total land surface in most urban areas, resulting in large amounts of wasted rainwater run-off.

Swallowtails are synonymous with Summertime. Marigolds are a favorite of pollinators but are dreaded by aphids & other plant eating insects. Use marigolds as a veggie bed border.

Hardy fuchsia is a magnet for hummingbirds and is somewhat drought tolerant. Blooms persist well into late fall.

Bee balm attracts many pollinators, is edible, and has numerous medicinal uses for humans.

Planting a variety of species provides various pollinators with food sources. Many perennials can be used as cut flowers or in soaps.

Echinacea and lavender are a foundation of the northwest herb garden. Both are coveted by herbalists and pollinators for their nectar and medicinal compounds.

Winter blooms feed anna hummingbirds, bumble bees, and the native orchard mason bees.

Nandina is a drought tolerant, non-invasive alternative to bamboo.

Tubular flowers of hostas are attractive to hummingbirds and bumblebees, while the attractive foliage softens the shade.

Fireweed is a six foot tall pollinator magnet. Fibers from this drought tolerant native were historically used to construct fishnets, while leaves can be used in salads.

Marsh mallow attracts many pollinators, has numerous medicinal uses, and was the sweetness source of early marshmallows.